NATURAL DYES -pH INDICATOR

         Very often my mother does a lot of recipes with purple cabbage. Usually, served as salad, soup and fried rice and am greatly drawn because of its captivating color.💜

          I searched the thing that is responsible for its color in my browser which responded me, "Purple cabbage contains anthocyanin or flavonoid- phytonutrient- chemical produced by plants-plants uses these chemicals to stay healthy-phytochemicals have antioxidant(substance that prevent damage to cells) and anti-inflammatory (substance that reduce swellings) benefits."💪

         Further, it emphasize the anthocyanins are used as pH indicators. That means, it shows different colors at different pH level. I was too engrossed to see the other side of my purple cabbage containing anthocyanin.😊 To try it out, I inspected the color change with neutral medium(water), strongly basic medium(detergent/floor cleaner) and strongly acidic medium(lemon juice/vinegar).

pH indicator	pH 6-7 (color in neutral)	pH>7 (color in alkali)	pH<6 (color in acid)
Litmus	Purple	Blue	Red
Phenolphthalein	Colorless	Pink	Colorless
Methyl orange Similarly, anthocyanin present in purple cabbage	Orange  BLUE	Yellow  GREEN	Red RED

  

     EXTRACTION OF ANTHOCYANIN-Soluble in water :-) Blue in water

                                 STRUCTURE OF ANTHOCYANIN IN NEUTRAL MEDIUM

                                           ANTHOCYANIN BEHAVES AS AN INDICATOR

FROM LEFT TO RIGHT
First: Anthocyanin is blue in water.
Middle: Anthocyanin is green in detergent.
Last: Anthocyanin is red in vinegar.

                                                               NATURAL pH PAPERS

Soak few cellulose (ordinary paper) in that extraction for an hour. Make it dry (room temperature).

                                                     Come on yaar, let's do this together! 

COOL😎

                                  CHEMISTRY BEHIND THE COLOR TRANSFORMATION

           These color changes are due to the presence of conjugated system in anthocyanin structure.

Quinoidal Base (Blue)

                                                                                ↓

Flavylium cation(Red)

                                                                                   ↓

Chalcone (Green)

                                       
                                                          🆃🅷🅰🅽🅺 🆈🅾🆄 🅰🅻🅻

                           

       

SEARCH TILL IT BECOMES A RESERACH

THINK_ IMAGINE_ QUESTION_ TRY ANSWERING_IN A Che’MYSTERY WORLD

For no particular reason I just transferred my household salt (iodized) into a dry jar. Instantly noticed the net weight as 1 kilogram. I thought of how many molecules of potassium iodate (KIO₃) it holds in, how many atoms of potassium, iodine and oxygen it has…and lot more questions were circulating in mind. To give a response, I tried out with MOLE concept. It may sound strange to a non-chemist. It’s actually a counting. To make it very simple I can say a dozen banana means 12 bananas similar way a mole of chocolate means 6.023*10²³ chocolates, a funny and weird thing! Ok, now all we have to do is to learn few conversions as follows:

1 mole= 6.023*10²³ particles (a huge number)                        = 602300000000000000000000 particles   

1 mole= gram equivalent weight

1 mole= 22.4 liters

The solution goes like 😊

Step 1: convert kg to g (1 kg= 1000 g)

        1 kg * 1000 g / 1 kg = 1000 g

Step 2: convert g to mole (1 mole= gram equivalent weight)

        Gram equivalent of KIO₃=   39.0983

                                  126.90447

                 3(15.999)=    +   47.997

                                  213.99977 g

Now, 1000 g*1 mole/ 213.99977 g= 4.6729 mole

Step 3: convert mole to molecules (1 mole= 6.023*10²³ molecules)

             4.6729 mole*6.023*10²³/ 1 mole= 2.81448767*10²⁴ molecules (approximately 3*10²⁴ molecules)

Therefore, there are 3*10²⁴ molecules of potassium iodate in 1kilogram of that household salt.

Alternative method:

No. of potassium	1(6.023*1023)	6.023*1023 atoms
No. of iodine	1(6.023*1023)	6.023*1023 atoms
No. of oxygen	3(6.023*1023)	1.8069*1024 atoms
Total		3.0115*1024 molecules

In addition, I noticed ‘iodine content above 15 ppm’ underneath the ingredients.

I knew that parts per million is one of the concentration term which is abbreviated as PPM. It is more applicable to dilute solution i.e., solvent containing trace amount of solute. You may ask me that what does concentration terms mean by? It is all related with solution where there we find the quantity or the amount of solute dissolved in a solvent. Okay at this moment we will discuss about the statement iodine content above 15 ppm. Firstly, 15 ppm is nothing but 15 grams of solute in 10⁶ grams (1 million) of solution. To find the iodine content in ppm of my salt, I just picked up the needed data from the tabulation saying nutritional information and loaded them in my formula. It says that “nutritional information per 100 grams” that means the weight of solution is 100 g and the amount of iodine per 100 g is 2 mg (also given).

We know, 1 gram= 1000 milligram

So the weight of solution= 100 g

And the weight of iodine per 100 g= 0.002 g

PARTS PER MILLION= weight of solute/ weight of solution * 10⁶

PARTS PER MILLION= 0.002 g/ 100 g * 10⁶

PARTS PER MILLION= 20 parts per million (obviously the value of iodine in ppm is above 15).

Therefore, my household salt iodine content is roughly 20 ppm.

For accurate result we can adopt iodometric titration and report the value in parts per million.

In General, Iodine is required for normal growth, thyroid and brain function. Also helps in mental development of children. 👉We must always ensure the amount of iodine must range from 15-40 parts per million (recommended by World Health Organization).